Toledo, OH Planting Dates — Moon Phase Garden

The four dates that matter

Date	When	What it means
Last spring frost (50%)	Apr 22	Half of all years see a freeze after this date. It is an average, not a guarantee.
Last spring frost (10%)	May 7	Only one year in ten freezes after this. Use it for anything you cannot afford to replant.
First fall frost (50%)	Oct 24	Half of all years freeze before this date. Fall crops are counted back from here.
First fall frost (10%)	Oct 11	An early-freeze year. If a crop must finish, aim to harvest before this.

USDA zone 6b 185 frost-free days Elevation 669 ft Station Toledo Express Ap

Spring & summer planting in Toledo

Dates are calculated from this location's own last-frost date, not from a generic zone chart. “Best moon days” are the days inside each window that fall in the crop's traditional phase — the same rule the app uses.

Crop	Start seed indoors	Plant outdoors	Best moon days	Days to harvest
Strawberry (crowns) transplant	—	Feb 21 – Apr 1	Mar 3, Apr 1 Full Moon	perennial — first real harvest next season
Garlic cloves/sets Better planted in fall — see below	—	Mar 6 – Apr 6	Mar 6–10, Apr 2 Waning Gibbous	240–300
Asparagus (crowns) transplant	—	Mar 11 – Apr 15	Mar 25 First Quarter	perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years
Chives either	Feb 25	Mar 11 – Apr 15	Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent	75–90
Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets	—	Mar 11 – Apr 15	Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous	90–120
Peas (English/snap) direct sow	—	Mar 11 – Apr 15	Mar 25 First Quarter	55–75
Spinach direct sow	—	Mar 11 – Apr 15	Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent	35–50
Cabbage transplant	Feb 18	Mar 18 – Apr 15	Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent	65–90
Collards either	Mar 11	Mar 18 – May 6	Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent	55–85
Kale either	Mar 11	Mar 18 – Apr 22	Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent	50–65
Lettuce (leaf) either	Mar 18	Mar 18 – May 13	Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent	40–55
Potato cloves/sets	—	Mar 18 – Apr 22	Apr 1 Full Moon	70–120
Radish direct sow	—	Mar 18 – May 13	Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous	22–35
Turnip direct sow	—	Mar 18 – Apr 29	Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous	40–60
Broccoli transplant	Feb 18	Mar 23 – Apr 22	Mar 23–24, Apr 18–21 Waxing Crescent	55–80
Brussels Sprouts transplant	Feb 18	Mar 23 – Apr 22	Mar 23–24, Apr 18–21 Waxing Crescent	90–110
Leek transplant	Feb 11	Mar 23 – Apr 22	Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous	100–120
Lettuce (head) transplant	Mar 4	Mar 23 – Apr 22	Mar 23–24, Apr 18–21 Waxing Crescent	60–85
Parsley either	Feb 18	Mar 23 – Apr 29	Mar 23–24, Apr 18–21 Waxing Crescent	70–90
Parsnip direct sow	—	Mar 23 – Apr 29	Apr 1 Full Moon	100–150
Shallot cloves/sets Better planted in fall — see below	—	Mar 23 – Apr 22	Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous	90–120
Beet direct sow	—	Mar 25 – May 13	Apr 1, May 1 Full Moon	50–65
Kohlrabi either	Mar 11	Mar 25 – Apr 29	Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent	45–60
Carrot direct sow	—	Apr 1 – May 13	Apr 1, May 1 Full Moon	65–85
Cauliflower transplant	Feb 18	Apr 1 – Apr 22	Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent	55–80
Cilantro direct sow	—	Apr 1 – May 13	Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent	45–70
Swiss Chard direct sow	—	Apr 1 – May 22	Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent	50–60
Dill direct sow	—	Apr 8 – May 22	Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent	40–60
Cucumber either	Apr 1	Apr 22 – May 22	Apr 23 First Quarter	50–70
Green Beans (bush) direct sow	—	Apr 22 – Jun 6	Apr 23, May 23 First Quarter	50–65
Oregano transplant	Feb 25	Apr 22 – May 13	Apr 23 First Quarter	cut as needed
Sage transplant	Feb 25	Apr 22 – May 13	Apr 23 First Quarter	cut as needed
Sweet Corn direct sow	—	Apr 22 – Jun 6	Apr 23, May 23 First Quarter	60–100
Thyme transplant	Feb 25	Apr 22 – May 13	Apr 23 First Quarter	cut as needed
Zucchini / Summer Squash either	Apr 1	Apr 22 – May 22	Apr 23 First Quarter	45–60
Basil either	Mar 11	Apr 29 – May 22	May 17–22 Waxing Crescent	30–60
Dry Beans direct sow	—	Apr 29 – May 27	May 23 First Quarter	85–100
Pole Beans direct sow	—	Apr 29 – Jun 1	May 23 First Quarter	60–75
Pumpkin direct sow	Apr 1	Apr 29 – May 27	May 23 First Quarter	90–120
Rosemary transplant	Apr 22	Apr 29 – May 22	— First Quarter	cut as needed
Tomatillo transplant	Mar 11	Apr 29 – May 22	— First Quarter	60–75
Tomato transplant	Mar 11	Apr 29 – May 22	— First Quarter	60–85
Winter Squash direct sow	Apr 1	Apr 29 – May 27	May 23 First Quarter	85–110
Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either	Apr 1	May 6 – May 27	May 23 First Quarter	75–90
Eggplant transplant	Feb 25	May 6 – May 27	May 23 First Quarter	60–90
Okra direct sow	Mar 25	May 6 – Jun 1	May 23 First Quarter	50–70
Pepper transplant	Feb 25	May 6 – May 27	May 23 First Quarter	60–90
Sweet Potato slips	—	May 6 – Jun 1	May 6–8, Jun 1 Waning Gibbous	90–150
Watermelon either	Apr 1	May 6 – May 27	May 23 First Quarter	70–90

Fall planting in Toledo

Fall dates count backward from the first frost, and they add time back for the “fall factor” — days are shortening and cooling, so a crop grows slower than the seed packet promises. Sowing late is the single most common way a fall garden fails.

Crop	Sow or set out	Best moon days	Days to harvest	Hardiness
Tomato	Jun 8 – Jul 14	Jun 21	60–85	very tender
Brussels Sprouts	Jun 11 – Jun 28	Jun 15–20	90–110	hardy
Potato	Jun 16 – Jul 18	Jun 29	70–120	semi-hardy
Sweet Corn	Jun 21 – Jul 14	Jun 21	60–100	tender
Pole Beans	Jul 1 – Jul 14	—	60–75	tender
Parsley	Jul 4 – Jul 18	Jul 15–18	70–90	semi-hardy
Okra	Jul 6 – Aug 5	Jul 21	50–70	very tender
Cabbage	Jul 11 – Jul 23	Jul 15–20	65–90	hardy
Carrot	Jul 11 – Jul 23	—	65–85	semi-hardy
Collards	Jul 11 – Aug 2	Jul 15–20	55–85	hardy
Cucumber	Jul 11 – Jul 24	Jul 21	50–70	tender
Broccoli	Jul 16 – Aug 2	Jul 16–20	55–80	hardy
Cauliflower	Jul 16 – Aug 2	Jul 16–20	55–80	semi-hardy
Green Beans (bush)	Jul 16 – Jul 24	Jul 21	50–65	tender
Lettuce (head)	Jul 16 – Jul 28	Jul 16–20	60–85	semi-hardy
Peas (English/snap)	Jul 16 – Aug 2	Jul 21	55–75	hardy
Beet	Jul 21 – Aug 7	Jul 29	50–65	semi-hardy
Kale	Jul 21 – Aug 7	—	50–65	hardy
Swiss Chard	Jul 21 – Aug 7	—	50–60	semi-hardy
Zucchini / Summer Squash	Jul 21 – Jul 29	Jul 21	45–60	tender
Basil	Jul 26 – Aug 13	Aug 13	30–60	very tender
Kohlrabi	Jul 26 – Aug 12	—	45–60	hardy
Cilantro	Jul 31 – Aug 12	—	45–70	semi-hardy
Lettuce (leaf)	Jul 31 – Aug 17	Aug 13–17	40–55	semi-hardy
Turnip	Jul 31 – Aug 17	Jul 31–Aug 4	40–60	hardy
Spinach	Aug 5 – Aug 22	Aug 13–18	35–50	hardy
Dill	Aug 10 – Aug 17	Aug 13–17	40–60	semi-hardy
Radish	Aug 10 – Sep 4	Aug 29–Sep 3	22–35	hardy
Garlic	Sep 24 – Nov 14	Sep 27–Oct 2	240–300	hardy
Shallot	Oct 8 – Nov 8	Oct 27–31	90–120	hardy

Bottom line: the 50% frost date is a coin flip, not a green light. If you would be sick about losing a flat of tomatoes, plant to the May 7 date instead and keep a row cover handy either way.

Where these numbers come from

The frost dates on this page are observed station normals, not estimates: they come from Toledo Express Ap (GHCN USW00094830), one of 6,808 U.S. stations in NOAA's 1991–2020 Climate Normals. The hardiness zone is from the 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Crop timing is expressed as offsets from your frost dates, drawn from university Extension planting guides.

How precise is any of this?

Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.

On the station itself: a weather station is one point. Cities hold their heat, valleys pool cold air, and a garden on a north slope can run two weeks behind one a mile away. Treat this page as your starting point and let your own garden correct it — that is exactly what the journal in the app is for.

Nearby locations

Ann Arbor, MI zone 6a Canton, MI zone 6b Livonia, MI zone 6b Dearborn, MI zone 6b Detroit, MI zone 6b Detroit City, MI zone 6b

Want this on your phone, in your garden? Moon Phase Garden keeps your frost dates, your planting windows and tonight's moon phase in one place, works offline, and lets you override these dates with what your own garden actually does. Free and ad-free.

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