The four dates that matter
| Date | When | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Last spring frost (50%) | May 13 | Half of all years see a freeze after this date. It is an average, not a guarantee. |
| Last spring frost (10%) | May 28 | Only one year in ten freezes after this. Use it for anything you cannot afford to replant. |
| First fall frost (50%) | Sep 9 | Half of all years freeze before this date. Fall crops are counted back from here. |
| First fall frost (10%) | Aug 26 | An early-freeze year. If a crop must finish, aim to harvest before this. |
Spring & summer planting in Badger
Dates are calculated from this location's own last-frost date, not from a generic zone chart. โBest moon daysโ are the days inside each window that fall in the crop's traditional phase โ the same rule the app uses.
| Crop | Start seed indoors | Plant outdoors | Best moon days | Days to harvest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
โ | Mar 14 โ Apr 22 | Apr 1 Full Moon |
perennial โ first real harvest next season |
| Garlic cloves/sets Better planted in fall โ see below |
โ | Mar 27 โ Apr 27 | Apr 2โ7 Waning Gibbous |
240โ300 |
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
โ | Apr 1 โ May 6 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
perennial โ first real harvest 2โ3 years |
| Chives either |
Mar 18 | Apr 1 โ May 6 | Apr 18โ22 Waxing Crescent |
75โ90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
โ | Apr 1 โ May 6 | Apr 2โ7 Waning Gibbous |
90โ120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
โ | Apr 1 โ May 6 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
55โ75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
โ | Apr 1 โ May 6 | Apr 18โ22 Waxing Crescent |
35โ50 |
| Cabbage transplant |
Mar 11 | Apr 8 โ May 6 | Apr 18โ22 Waxing Crescent |
65โ90 |
| Collards either |
Apr 1 | Apr 8 โ May 27 | Apr 18โ22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
55โ85 |
| Kale either |
Apr 1 | Apr 8 โ May 13 | Apr 18โ22 Waxing Crescent |
50โ65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
Apr 8 | Apr 8 โ Jun 3 | Apr 18โ22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
40โ55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
โ | Apr 8 โ May 13 | May 1 Full Moon |
70โ120 |
| Radish direct sow |
โ | Apr 8 โ Jun 3 | Apr 8, May 2โ6 Waning Gibbous |
22โ35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
โ | Apr 8 โ May 20 | Apr 8, May 2โ6 Waning Gibbous |
40โ60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Mar 11 | Apr 13 โ May 13 | Apr 18โ22 Waxing Crescent |
55โ80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Mar 11 | Apr 13 โ May 13 | Apr 18โ22 Waxing Crescent |
90โ110 |
| Leek transplant |
Mar 4 | Apr 13 โ May 13 | May 2โ7 Waning Gibbous |
100โ120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Mar 25 | Apr 13 โ May 13 | Apr 18โ22 Waxing Crescent |
60โ85 |
| Parsley either |
Mar 11 | Apr 13 โ May 20 | Apr 18โ22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
70โ90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
โ | Apr 13 โ May 20 | May 1 Full Moon |
100โ150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets Better planted in fall โ see below |
โ | Apr 13 โ May 13 | May 2โ7 Waning Gibbous |
90โ120 |
| Beet direct sow |
โ | Apr 15 โ Jun 3 | May 1, May 31 Full Moon |
50โ65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Apr 1 | Apr 15 โ May 20 | Apr 18โ22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
45โ60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
โ | Apr 22 โ Jun 3 | May 1, May 31 Full Moon |
65โ85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Mar 11 | Apr 22 โ May 13 | Apr 22 Waxing Crescent |
55โ80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
โ | Apr 22 โ Jun 3 | Apr 22, May 17โ21 Waxing Crescent |
45โ70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
โ | Apr 22 โ Jun 12 | Apr 22, May 17โ21 Waxing Crescent |
50โ60 |
| Dill direct sow |
โ | Apr 29 โ Jun 12 | May 17โ22 Waxing Crescent |
40โ60 |
| Cucumber either |
Apr 22 | May 13 โ Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
50โ70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
โ | May 13 โ Jun 27 | May 23, Jun 21 First Quarter |
50โ65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Mar 18 | May 13 โ Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Mar 18 | May 13 โ Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
โ | May 13 โ Jun 27 | May 23, Jun 21 First Quarter |
60โ100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Mar 18 | May 13 โ Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
Apr 22 | May 13 โ Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
45โ60 |
| Basil either |
Apr 1 | May 20 โ Jun 12 | May 20โ22 Waxing Crescent |
30โ60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
โ | May 20 โ Jun 17 | May 23 First Quarter |
85โ100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
โ | May 20 โ Jun 22 | May 23, Jun 21 First Quarter |
60โ75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
Apr 22 | May 20 โ Jun 17 | May 23 First Quarter |
90โ120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
May 13 | May 20 โ Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Apr 1 | May 20 โ Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
60โ75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Apr 1 | May 20 โ Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
60โ85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
Apr 22 | May 20 โ Jun 17 | May 23 First Quarter |
85โ110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
Apr 22 | May 27 โ Jun 17 | โ First Quarter |
75โ90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Mar 18 | May 27 โ Jun 17 | โ First Quarter |
60โ90 |
| Okra direct sow |
Apr 15 | May 27 โ Jun 22 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
50โ70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Mar 18 | May 27 โ Jun 17 | โ First Quarter |
60โ90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
โ | May 27 โ Jun 22 | Jun 1โ6 Waning Gibbous |
90โ150 |
| Watermelon either |
Apr 22 | May 27 โ Jun 17 | โ First Quarter |
70โ90 |
Fall planting in Badger
Fall dates count backward from the first frost, and they add time back for the โfall factorโ โ days are shortening and cooling, so a crop grows slower than the seed packet promises. Sowing late is the single most common way a fall garden fails.
| Crop | Sow or set out | Best moon days | Days to harvest | Hardiness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cabbage | May 27 โ Jun 8 | โ | 65โ90 | hardy |
| Broccoli | Jun 1 โ Jun 18 | Jun 15โ18 | 55โ80 | hardy |
| Cauliflower | Jun 1 โ Jun 18 | Jun 15โ18 | 55โ80 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (head) | Jun 1 โ Jun 13 | โ | 60โ85 | semi-hardy |
| Peas (English/snap) | Jun 1 โ Jun 18 | โ | 55โ75 | hardy |
| Beet | Jun 6 โ Jun 23 | โ | 50โ65 | semi-hardy |
| Kale | Jun 6 โ Jun 23 | Jun 15โ20 | 50โ65 | hardy |
| Kohlrabi | Jun 11 โ Jun 28 | Jun 15โ20 | 45โ60 | hardy |
| Cilantro | Jun 16 โ Jun 28 | Jun 16โ20 | 45โ70 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (leaf) | Jun 16 โ Jul 3 | Jun 16โ20 | 40โ55 | semi-hardy |
| Turnip | Jun 16 โ Jul 3 | Jun 30โJul 3 | 40โ60 | hardy |
| Spinach | Jun 21 โ Jul 8 | โ | 35โ50 | hardy |
| Dill | Jun 26 โ Jul 3 | โ | 40โ60 | semi-hardy |
| Radish | Jun 26 โ Jul 21 | Jun 30โJul 5 | 22โ35 | hardy |
| Garlic | Aug 10 โ Sep 30 | Aug 28โSep 2 | 240โ300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Aug 24 โ Sep 24 | Aug 28โSep 2 | 90โ120 | hardy |
Where these numbers come from
There is no long-record weather station inside Badger itself, so these frost dates are modelled, not observed. They come from a half-degree climate grid built by fitting the freeze dates of 6,808 NOAA stations (1991โ2020 Normals) against terrain and the USDA 2023 hardiness raster, then reading the cell your city sits in. Checked against the stations themselves, that model lands within about a week on average โ and its zone matches the station's exactly 67% of the time and within one half-zone 97% of the time. A cell covers roughly 35 by 28 miles, so this is a neighborhood answer, not a backyard one. If there is a station-backed location near you, prefer it.
How precise is any of this?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
On the station itself: a weather station is one point. Cities hold their heat, valleys pool cold air, and a garden on a north slope can run two weeks behind one a mile away. Treat this page as your starting point and let your own garden correct it โ that is exactly what the journal in the app is for.
Nearby locations
Planting reminders for Badger
A short note at each new and full moon telling you what is in its window right now for Badger โ worked out from the frost dates on this page. Free, one click to stop.
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