真正要紧的四个日期
| 日期 | 什么时候 | 意味着什么 |
|---|---|---|
| 春季终霜 (50%) | Jun 11 | 有一半的年份会在这个日期之后还结霜。这是平均值,不是保证。 |
| 春季终霜 (10%) | Jun 28 | 只有十年里的一年会在这之后结霜。凡是不能重种的作物,就按这个日期来。 |
| 秋季初霜 (50%) | Sep 6 | 有一半的年份会在这个日期之前结霜。秋菜就是从这里往回推算的。 |
| 秋季初霜 (10%) | Aug 21 | 早霜年份。如果某种作物必须收成,就争取在这之前收。 |
Burns 的春夏播种
这些日期是按本地自己的终霜日期算出来的,不是照搬通用的分区表。“最佳月相日” 是每个时间窗里落在该作物传统月相上的那几天——和 App 用的是同一条规则。
| 作物 | 室内育苗 | 露地定植 | 最佳月相日 | 收获天数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
— | Apr 12 – May 21 | May 1 Full Moon |
perennial — first real harvest next season |
| Garlic cloves/sets 更适合秋播——见下文 |
— | Apr 25 – May 26 | May 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
240–300 |
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
— | Apr 30 – Jun 4 | May 23 First Quarter |
perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years |
| Chives either |
Apr 16 | Apr 30 – Jun 4 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
75–90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
— | Apr 30 – Jun 4 | May 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
— | Apr 30 – Jun 4 | May 23 First Quarter |
55–75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
— | Apr 30 – Jun 4 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
35–50 |
| Cabbage transplant |
Apr 9 | May 7 – Jun 4 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
65–90 |
| Collards either |
Apr 30 | May 7 – Jun 25 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
55–85 |
| Kale either |
Apr 30 | May 7 – Jun 11 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
50–65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
May 7 | May 7 – Jul 2 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
40–55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
— | May 7 – Jun 11 | May 31 Full Moon |
70–120 |
| Radish direct sow |
— | May 7 – Jul 2 | May 7–8, Jun 1–4 Waning Gibbous |
22–35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
— | May 7 – Jun 18 | May 7–8, Jun 1–4 Waning Gibbous |
40–60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Apr 9 | May 12 – Jun 11 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Apr 9 | May 12 – Jun 11 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
90–110 |
| Leek transplant |
Apr 2 | May 12 – Jun 11 | Jun 1–6 Waning Gibbous |
100–120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Apr 23 | May 12 – Jun 11 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
60–85 |
| Parsley either |
Apr 9 | May 12 – Jun 18 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
70–90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
— | May 12 – Jun 18 | May 31 Full Moon |
100–150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets 更适合秋播——见下文 |
— | May 12 – Jun 11 | Jun 1–6 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Beet direct sow |
— | May 14 – Jul 2 | May 31, Jun 29 Full Moon |
50–65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Apr 30 | May 14 – Jun 18 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
45–60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
— | May 21 – Jul 2 | May 31, Jun 29 Full Moon |
65–85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Apr 9 | May 21 – Jun 11 | May 21–22 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
— | May 21 – Jul 2 | May 21–22, Jun 15–18 Waxing Crescent |
45–70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
— | May 21 – Jul 11 | May 21–22, Jun 15–18 Waxing Crescent |
50–60 |
| Dill direct sow |
— | May 28 – Jul 11 | Jun 15–20 Waxing Crescent |
40–60 |
| Cucumber either |
May 21 | Jun 11 – Jul 11 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
— | Jun 11 – Jul 26 | Jun 21, Jul 21 First Quarter |
50–65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Apr 16 | Jun 11 – Jul 2 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Apr 16 | Jun 11 – Jul 2 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
— | Jun 11 – Jul 26 | Jun 21, Jul 21 First Quarter |
60–100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Apr 16 | Jun 11 – Jul 2 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
May 21 | Jun 11 – Jul 11 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
45–60 |
| Basil either |
Apr 30 | Jun 18 – Jul 11 | Jun 18–20 Waxing Crescent |
30–60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
— | Jun 18 – Jul 16 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
85–100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
— | Jun 18 – Jul 21 | Jun 21, Jul 21 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
May 21 | Jun 18 – Jul 16 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
90–120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
Jun 11 | Jun 18 – Jul 11 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Apr 30 | Jun 18 – Jul 11 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Apr 30 | Jun 18 – Jul 11 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
60–85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
May 21 | Jun 18 – Jul 16 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
85–110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
May 21 | Jun 25 – Jul 16 | — First Quarter |
75–90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Apr 16 | Jun 25 – Jul 16 | — First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Okra direct sow |
May 14 | Jun 25 – Jul 21 | Jul 21 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Apr 16 | Jun 25 – Jul 16 | — First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
— | Jun 25 – Jul 21 | Jun 30–Jul 5 Waning Gibbous |
90–150 |
| Watermelon either |
May 21 | Jun 25 – Jul 16 | — First Quarter |
70–90 |
Burns 的秋季播种
秋季日期是从初霜往回推算的,而且还要为“秋季系数”多留出时间:白天 越来越短、越来越凉,作物长得比种子袋上写的慢。播得太晚,是秋菜失败最常见的一个原因。
| 作物 | 播种或定植 | 最佳月相日 | 收获天数 | 耐寒性 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spinach | Jun 18 – Jul 5 | Jun 18–20 | 35–50 | hardy |
| Garlic | Aug 7 – Sep 27 | Aug 28–Sep 2 | 240–300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Aug 21 – Sep 21 | Aug 28–Sep 2 | 90–120 | hardy |
这些数字从哪儿来
本页的霜冻日期是实测的站点常态值,不是估算:数据来自 Burns Muni Ap(GHCN USW00094185),它是 NOAA 1991–2020 年 《Climate Normals》所收 6,808 个美国站点之一。耐寒分区来自 2023 年 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map。作物时间以相对于你自己 霜冻日期的天数偏移量表示,取自各大学推广部(Extension)的种植指南。
这些数据到底有多准?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
关于气象站本身:一个气象站只是一个点。城市会蓄热,山谷会积冷空气, 朝北坡地上的菜园可能比一英里外的晚上两周。把这一页当成起点,让你自己的菜园去修正它—— App 里的日记正是为此而设。
附近的地点
Burns 的播种提醒
每逢新月和满月发一封短信,告诉你 Burns 现在正好在哪些作物的种植窗口里——依据本页的霜冻日期算出。免费,一键退订。
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想在菜园里用手机看?Moon Phase Garden 把你的霜冻日期、种植时间窗和今晚的月相放在一处, 离线也能用,还能让你用自家菜园的实际情况覆盖这些日期。免费,无广告。